quality: completeness: 50 accuracy: 70 reviewed: false reviewer: 'KI (Gemini)' reviewDate: null

OSM Tileserver

A dedicated OpenStreetMap tileserver for p2d2 allows for independent background maps and reduces the load on public tile servers.

Installation

Via Docker

# openstreetmap-tile-server (by overv)
docker run -d \
  --name osm-tileserver \
  -p 8082:80 \
  -v osm-data:/data/database/ \
  -e DOWNLOAD_PBF=https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany/nordrhein-westfalen-latest.osm.pbf \
  -e DOWNLOAD_POLY=https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/germany/nordrhein-westfalen.poly \
  overv/openstreetmap-tile-server:latest

Native Installation

# Dependencies
apt install postgresql postgis osm2pgsql apache2 \
  renderd mapnik-utils python3-mapnik

# Import OSM data
osm2pgsql -d gis --create --slim -G \
  --hstore --style /usr/share/osm2pgsql/default.style \
  -C 4096 nordrhein-westfalen-latest.osm.pbf

Rendering Styles

Standard Style (Carto)

# Clone Carto style
git clone https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto.git
cd openstreetmap-carto

# Install dependencies
npm install -g carto

# Generate Mapnik XML
carto project.mml > style.xml

p2d2 Custom Style

<Style name="friedhoefe">
  <Rule>
    <Filter>[landuse] = 'cemetery'</Filter>
    <PolygonSymbolizer fill="#aacbaf" fill-opacity="0.8"/>
    <LineSymbolizer stroke="#7fa587" stroke-width="1.5"/>
  </Rule>
</Style>

Tile Generation

Renderd Configuration

# /etc/renderd.conf
[renderd]
num_threads=4
tile_dir=/var/lib/mod_tile
stats_file=/var/run/renderd/renderd.stats

[mapnik]
plugins_dir=/usr/lib/mapnik/3.1/input
font_dir=/usr/share/fonts
font_dir_recurse=true

[default]
URI=/osm/
TILEDIR=/var/lib/mod_tile
XML=/path/to/style.xml
HOST=localhost
TILESIZE=256
MAXZOOM=20

Pre-Rendering

# render_list for specific area
render_list -a -z 0 -Z 12 \
  --min-lon=6.8 --max-lon=7.2 \
  --min-lat=50.8 --max-lat=51.1 \
  --num-threads=4

Updates

Update OSM Data

# osmosis for updates
apt install osmosis

# Configure replication
# state.txt with timestamp
echo "2024-01-15T00:00:00Z" > /var/lib/mod_tile/replication/state.txt

# Daily update
osmosis --read-replication-interval \
  workingDirectory=/var/lib/mod_tile/replication \
  --simplify-change --write-xml-change changes.osc

# Import into database
osm2pgsql -d gis --append --slim changes.osc

Automatic Update

# /usr/local/bin/update-osm.sh
#!/bin/bash
osmosis --read-replication-interval \
  workingDirectory=/var/lib/mod_tile/replication \
  --simplify-change --write-xml-change /tmp/changes.osc

if [ -f /tmp/changes.osc ]; then
  osm2pgsql -d gis --append --slim /tmp/changes.osc
  rm /tmp/changes.osc
  
  # Mark dirty tiles
  touch /var/lib/mod_tile/.planet-update-complete
fi

# Cronjob: Daily at 3 AM
# 0 3 * * * /usr/local/bin/update-osm.sh

Performance

Database Tuning

-- Indices for OSM data
CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_point_geom ON planet_osm_point USING GIST(way);
CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_line_geom ON planet_osm_line USING GIST(way);
CREATE INDEX idx_planet_osm_polygon_geom ON planet_osm_polygon USING GIST(way);

-- ANALYZE
ANALYZE planet_osm_point;
ANALYZE planet_osm_line;
ANALYZE planet_osm_polygon;

Tile Caching

# Nginx as caching proxy
proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/osm levels=1:2 \
  keys_zone=osm:100m max_size=50g inactive=30d;

location /osm/ {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8082/;
    proxy_cache osm;
    proxy_cache_valid 200 30d;
    add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
}

Monitoring

# Renderd stats
watch -n 1 cat /var/run/renderd/renderd.stats

# Tile queue
renderd-cli stats

Resources

A complete OSM tileserver for Germany requires >500 GB storage and significant CPU resources!